ADHD and young families: how to help our children and ourselves?

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is often diagnosed in childhood but can impact the entire family. Children may experience difficulties with maintaining attention, excessive movement, or impulsive behavior. These symptoms can cause challenges at school, in friendships, and at home. For parents, supporting their child while maintaining balance in their own lives can be a significant challenge.

Why is ADHD such a challenge?

ADHD is not just about attention deficit. Executive function disorders (e.g., difficulty planning or starting tasks) and emotional fluctuations (e.g., sudden outbursts or sensitivity to criticism) also pose serious challenges. Additionally, the so-called “ADHD tax” (e.g., forgotten bills, lost items) imposes financial and emotional burdens on everyday life.

Due to societal stigma and lack of awareness, those living with ADHD often do not receive adequate support. Symptoms are frequently misunderstood, and children are labeled as “poorly raised” or “lazy,” leading to additional stress and anxiety. Parents often feel helpless when they don’t know how to support their child or manage their own frustration.

How does ADHD affect our brain?

In ADHD, the brain processes social information differently. For example, the development of “theory of mind” (understanding others’ thoughts) is often limited. Additionally, the brain processes sensory information differently, which explains sensitivities. Studies show that people with ADHD have more local connections and fewer long-distance connections in the brain, affecting complex information processing.

The balance of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters may also differ, contributing to symptoms. A lack of dopamine makes motivation and sustained attention difficult, while a lack of norepinephrine affects impulse control. The prefrontal cortex, responsible for planning and self-regulation, is less active in ADHD, explaining difficulties in starting tasks and setting goals.

How can we support children with ADHD?

These solutions are just examples. Everyone has different needs, priorities, and issues. What works for one person may not work for another. Experiment to find what helps you, and don’t worry if it’s unique.

1. Structured routine: A predictable daily schedule helps children orient themselves and reduces anxiety. Use visual aids (e.g., calendars, task lists) to track assignments. Creating routines helps children understand expectations and reduces uncertainty.
2. Positive reinforcement: Praise your child when they perform well to boost their confidence. Positive feedback is motivating and helps shape behavior. For example, if the child completes their homework on time, praise them and express how proud you are.
3. Short and simple instructions: Use clear and concise sentences to make it easier for them to understand what’s expected. Break down complex instructions into smaller steps. For instance, instead of saying, “Clean your room,” say, “Pick up the toys from the floor and put them in the box.”
4. Omega-3 supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, can reduce inflammation and improve brain function. Studies suggest that omega-3 supplementation can enhance attention and reduce hyperactivity. EPA and DHA support communication between brain cells, contributing to better focus and emotional regulation.
5. Saffron supplements: Active compounds in saffron, such as crocin and affron, stimulate dopamine and serotonin production. A 2020 study found that saffron supplementation was as effective as stimulant medications in treating ADHD symptoms. Saffron may help reduce attention issues and improve mood.

ADHD is not a disease but a different way of perceiving and understanding the world. Small steps can bring significant change – start with a simple routine or try a new method. Remember: both your child and you need patience and support! ADHD research is continuously evolving, and more effective treatment options are becoming available.

References:

1. National Institute of Mental Health. (2023). ADHD Basics. https://infocenter.nimh.nih.gov/publications/attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-what-you-need-know
2. Bloch, M. H., & Qawasmi, A. (2011). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.06.008
3. Baziar, S., et al. (2020). Crocus sativus L. (saffron) in the treatment of ADHD: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30741567/